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| Maelstrom gene ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Maelstrom gene
The gene Maelstrom, Mael, creates a protein, which was first located in ''Drosophila melanogaster'' in the ''nuage'' perinuclear structure and has functionality analogous to the ''spindle'', ''spn'', gene class.〔Findley SD, Tamanaha M, Clegg NJ, Ruohola-Baker H (2003). Maelstrom, a Drosophila spindle-class gene, encodes a protein that colocalizes with Vasa and RDE1/AGO1 homolog, Aubergine, in nuage. Dev. 130:859–871.〕
==''Drosophila'' Maelstrom==
Maelstrom helps establish anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral symmetry by coordinating to the Microtubule-Organizing Center (MTOC) 〔Sato K, Nishida KM, Shibuya A, Siomi MC, Siomi H (2011). Maelstrom coordinates microtubule organization during Drosophila oogenesis through interaction with components of the MTOC. Genes & Dev. 2011. 25: 2361-2373.〕 and assists Vasa establish a concentration gradient of Bicaudal D (BicD)〔 in the developing ''Drosophila'' oocyte. Similar to other ''spindle''-class genes, maelstrom defects can lead to the failed production of a karyosome.〔 ''Mael'' has also been shown to repress ''microRNA-7'' (''miR-7''), which in turn regulates the Bag-of-marbles (BAM) protein and secures correct germline differentiation.〔Pek JW, Lim AK, Kai T (2009). Drosophila Maelstrom ensures proper germline stem cell lineage differentiation by repressing microRNA-7. Dev. Cell. 17: 417-424.〕
Short RNAs are well-known to silence TEs (transposable elements) through the RNAi (RNA interference) pathway, and Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs) play a crucial role in transposon silencing in the germline. The Maelstrom protein forms a complex with piRISC to silence transposons and therefore stabilize the germline cell genome.〔Sokolova OA, Yakushev EY, Stolyarenko AD, Mikhaleva EA, Gvozdev VA, Klenov MS (2011). Interplay of transposon-silencing genes in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular Biology. 45: 582-590.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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